Modern psychology owes much of its foundation to several key figures whose pioneering theories and research continue to influence the field today. Sigmund Freud, often called the father of psychoanalysis, revolutionized the understanding of the unconscious mind and its impact on human behavior. His theories of repression, the id, ego, and superego, and the stages of psychosexual development laid the groundwork for much of contemporary therapy and personality theory.
Alongside Freud, Carl Jung, a former disciple, made significant contributions with his concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes, broadening the scope of psychoanalysis. His work led to the development of analytical psychology, influencing both clinical practice and cultural studies.
In the realm of behaviorism, John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner shifted focus away from the unconscious to observable behavior. Skinner’s research on operant conditioning remains a cornerstone in behavioral therapy and education.
Abraham Maslow’s humanistic psychology, with its hierarchy of needs and emphasis on self-actualization, highlighted the importance of personal growth and well-being in understanding human nature.
Together, these founders shaped modern psychology, introducing critical frameworks for studying the human mind and behavior that continue to inform therapy, research, and understanding today.